United Energy (UE) upholds the core principles of "precision, standardization, and full inspection" throughout the entire manufacturing cycle of solar panels. From the selection of raw materials to the delivery of finished products, every step is designed to ensure that each solar panel meets stringent industry standards for efficiency, durability, and long-term reliability—critical for powering both residential rooftops and large-scale utility solar projects. Below is a professional, step-by-step breakdown of UE’s end-to-end solar panel production process.
1.Laser Cutting
UE utilizes laser scribers for solar cell cutting, enabling seamless adaptation to diverse module configurations (half-cell, quarter-cell, and custom-sized designs). This flexibility is further enhanced by integrating multi-busbar (MBB) half-cell technology, which delivers two core benefits: it boosts the final solar panel’s energy conversion efficiency by 3–5% (effectively reducing resistive power loss and hot-spot risks compared to traditional full-cell setups) and significantly improves long-term weather resistance—ensuring stable performance in harsh outdoor conditions throughout the panel’s 25+ year service life.
Notably, UE achieves an annual laser-cutting capacity of over 2GW for solar cells, meeting large-volume production demands while upholding strict precision and quality standards.
2.Welding
Welding is a critical step in forming the panel’s power core: high-temperature soldering machines (250–300℃) apply tin-coated copper ribbons to connect cells in series. Fully automated welding ensures consistent, stable connections, while precise infrared temperature control optimizes contact between busbars and cells—maximizing current conduction efficiency for reliable electricity output.
After soldering, workers inspect for "cold solder joints" or misaligned ribbons. Any defective cell strings are reworked or discarded to avoid power loss in the final module.
3.Cell Layout
Cells are arranged strictly according to module specifications (e.g., a 72-cell panel uses 6 strings with 12 cells each). A high-speed automated cell-layout machine, equipped with an AI vision positioning system, completes one cell placement every 0.3 seconds—guaranteeing precise alignment to avoid subsequent lamination or performance issues.
4.Layering
Automated machines arrange components in a strict order (from top to bottom): tempered glass → EVA encapsulant → cell strings → EVA encapsulant → backsheet. Our intelligent system ensures accurate positioning and tight lamination, which extends the lifespan of the solar modules.
5.First VI-EL Integrated Inspection
After layering, we conduct the first VI-EL test. This equipment uses a high-resolution infrared camera to scan every corner of the solar cells.
If there are problems, we can replace the defective cells before lamination, ensuring that every panel leaving the factory is flawless.
6.Lamination
A fully automatic laminating machine precisely controls temperature, pressure, and timing to perfectly fuse glass, EVA, and solar cells together.
The vacuum lamination process eliminates air bubbles inside the module, improving both lifespan and energy efficiency.
7.Frame Installation
The aviation-grade aluminum alloy frame provides over 5000 Pa of pressure resistance. The automatic framing system can precisely control the amount of adhesive and the pressure applied to the frame.
8.Junction Box
This step channels the current generated by the solar panel to the outside.
9.Cleaning
Workers clean the solar panel surface to remove EVA residue and the protective film on the aluminum frame. This step ensures the glass maintains high light transmittance (critical for efficiency) and the panel meets aesthetic standards.
10.Final EL Test + Safety Regulation Test
A second EL test is conducted to evaluate the panel’s final performance, confirming it meets design requirements. Additionally, voltage withstand and insulation strength tests (in line with IEC 61215 industry standards) are performed to ensure the panel remains undamaged under harsh natural conditions (e.g., thunderstorms, extreme temperatures).
UE’s specialized sealing and structural design further enhance waterproofing and dust resistance, guaranteeing over 25 years of outdoor service life.
11.Rigorous Quality – IV Test
The IV test captures detailed performance data for each panel, including power, current, voltage, and MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) voltage. UE provides a full test report to customers, with a strict guarantee of A-grade quality and 0 to +5W positive power tolerance—ensuring every product leaves the factory with zero defects.
12.Nameplate & Packaging
The last step is to attach the nameplate and serial number code. After this, the solar panels are sent to the packaging area for shockproof packaging, then transferred to the warehouse for storage.
Conclusion
For UE, the 12-stage solar panel production process is more than a manufacturing workflow—it is a manifestation of our commitment to "precision, standardization, and full inspection." Every step is designed to deliver panels that excel in three core areas: 3–5% higher efficiency, superior durability, and best quality.
With an annual laser-cutting capacity of over 2GW, we balance large-scale production with meticulous quality control—meeting the needs of both residential and utility-scale solar projects. Looking ahead, UE will continue to refine its processes, integrating advanced technologies (such as AI-driven inspection and upgraded lamination systems) to push the boundaries of solar panel performance.
We believe that reliable, high-quality solar panels are the foundation of the global clean energy transition.